From 21f86f07adf544850a7ef5f913c01117c04db147 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Boesch Date: Sat, 27 Dec 2025 23:44:12 +0100 Subject: migrated build and test --- exercises/026_hello2.zig | 6 +++++- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'exercises') diff --git a/exercises/026_hello2.zig b/exercises/026_hello2.zig index 582dba9..97ea918 100644 --- a/exercises/026_hello2.zig +++ b/exercises/026_hello2.zig @@ -15,8 +15,12 @@ const std = @import("std"); // https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Inferred-Error-Sets // pub fn main() !void { + // We need an io instance for I/O operations; + // we'll learn how to create them later. + const io = std.Options.debug_io; + // We get a Writer for Standard Out so we can print() to it. - var stdout = std.fs.File.stdout().writer(&.{}); + var stdout = std.Io.File.stdout().writer(io, &.{}); // Unlike std.debug.print(), the Standard Out writer can fail // with an error. We don't care _what_ the error is, we want -- cgit v1.2.3 From b33fd5a7448619ce37ff1fd78d0a4fba7661b6ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Boesch Date: Sun, 28 Dec 2025 01:55:06 +0100 Subject: exc. 26 migrated --- exercises/026_hello2.zig | 14 +++++++------- patches/patches/026_hello2.patch | 8 ++++---- 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) (limited to 'exercises') diff --git a/exercises/026_hello2.zig b/exercises/026_hello2.zig index 97ea918..081c2b3 100644 --- a/exercises/026_hello2.zig +++ b/exercises/026_hello2.zig @@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ // const std = @import("std"); +// Instance for input/output, we'll learn how to create them later. +const io = std.Options.debug_io; + // Take note that this main() definition now returns "!void" rather // than just "void". Since there's no specific error type, this means // that Zig will infer the error type. This is appropriate in the case @@ -15,17 +18,14 @@ const std = @import("std"); // https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Inferred-Error-Sets // pub fn main() !void { - // We need an io instance for I/O operations; - // we'll learn how to create them later. - const io = std.Options.debug_io; - - // We get a Writer for Standard Out so we can print() to it. - var stdout = std.Io.File.stdout().writer(io, &.{}); + // We get a Writer interface for Standard Out so we can print() to it. + var stdout_writer = std.Io.File.stdout().writer(io, &.{}); + const stdout = &stdout_writer.interface; // Unlike std.debug.print(), the Standard Out writer can fail // with an error. We don't care _what_ the error is, we want // to be able to pass it up as a return value of main(). // // We just learned of a single statement which can accomplish this. - stdout.interface.print("Hello world!\n", .{}); + stdout.print("Hello world!\n", .{}); } diff --git a/patches/patches/026_hello2.patch b/patches/patches/026_hello2.patch index 7fde1d8..e35de35 100644 --- a/patches/patches/026_hello2.patch +++ b/patches/patches/026_hello2.patch @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ ---- exercises/026_hello2.zig 2025-12-27 21:15:21.403899392 +0100 -+++ answers/026_hello2.zig 2025-12-27 20:28:53.267236800 +0100 +--- exercises/026_hello2.zig 2025-12-28 01:51:16.537444980 +0100 ++++ answers/026_hello2.zig 2025-12-28 01:51:10.280322328 +0100 @@ -27,5 +27,5 @@ // to be able to pass it up as a return value of main(). // // We just learned of a single statement which can accomplish this. -- stdout.interface.print("Hello world!\n", .{}); -+ try stdout.interface.print("Hello world!\n", .{}); +- stdout.print("Hello world!\n", .{}); ++ try stdout.print("Hello world!\n", .{}); } -- cgit v1.2.3 From 8e30debc6aa05a9313a085ba52b38d5c7224a7ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Boesch Date: Sun, 28 Dec 2025 02:01:19 +0100 Subject: improved i/o explanation for exc. 26 --- exercises/026_hello2.zig | 5 +++-- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) (limited to 'exercises') diff --git a/exercises/026_hello2.zig b/exercises/026_hello2.zig index 081c2b3..7daa9e2 100644 --- a/exercises/026_hello2.zig +++ b/exercises/026_hello2.zig @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ // const std = @import("std"); -// Instance for input/output, we'll learn how to create them later. +// Instance for input/output operations, we'll learn how to create them later. const io = std.Options.debug_io; // Take note that this main() definition now returns "!void" rather @@ -18,8 +18,9 @@ const io = std.Options.debug_io; // https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Inferred-Error-Sets // pub fn main() !void { - // We get a Writer interface for Standard Out so we can print() to it. + // We get a Writer for Standard Out... var stdout_writer = std.Io.File.stdout().writer(io, &.{}); + // ...and extract its interface so we can print() to it. const stdout = &stdout_writer.interface; // Unlike std.debug.print(), the Standard Out writer can fail -- cgit v1.2.3 From 8f9daa12b27323c3151bc652a111126a56f21216 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Boesch Date: Sun, 28 Dec 2025 14:46:23 +0100 Subject: exc. 34 migrated --- exercises/034_quiz4.zig | 6 ++++-- patches/patches/034_quiz4.patch | 11 ++++++----- 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) (limited to 'exercises') diff --git a/exercises/034_quiz4.zig b/exercises/034_quiz4.zig index 8704397..28f2291 100644 --- a/exercises/034_quiz4.zig +++ b/exercises/034_quiz4.zig @@ -6,15 +6,17 @@ // my_num=42 // const std = @import("std"); +const io = std.Options.debug_io; const NumError = error{IllegalNumber}; pub fn main() void { - var stdout = std.fs.File.stdout().writer(&.{}); + var stdout_writer = std.Io.File.stdout().writer(io, &.{}); + const stdout = &stdout_writer.interface; const my_num: u32 = getNumber(); - try stdout.interface.print("my_num={}\n", .{my_num}); + try stdout.print("my_num={}\n", .{my_num}); } // This function is obviously weird and non-functional. But you will not be changing it for this quiz. diff --git a/patches/patches/034_quiz4.patch b/patches/patches/034_quiz4.patch index 15c95fc..7cf102c 100644 --- a/patches/patches/034_quiz4.patch +++ b/patches/patches/034_quiz4.patch @@ -1,15 +1,16 @@ ---- exercises/034_quiz4.zig 2025-07-22 09:55:51.337832401 +0200 -+++ answers/034_quiz4.zig 2025-07-22 10:05:08.320323184 +0200 -@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ +--- exercises/034_quiz4.zig 2025-12-28 14:43:41.087943476 +0100 ++++ answers/034_quiz4.zig 2025-12-28 14:42:23.878472164 +0100 +@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ const NumError = error{IllegalNumber}; -pub fn main() void { +pub fn main() !void { - var stdout = std.fs.File.stdout().writer(&.{}); + var stdout_writer = std.Io.File.stdout().writer(io, &.{}); + const stdout = &stdout_writer.interface; - const my_num: u32 = getNumber(); + const my_num: u32 = try getNumber(); - try stdout.interface.print("my_num={}\n", .{my_num}); + try stdout.print("my_num={}\n", .{my_num}); } -- cgit v1.2.3 From 4340642f3caa6d8488dba6db9912c5f3eb1abe00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Boesch Date: Sun, 28 Dec 2025 20:40:31 +0100 Subject: exc. 106 migrated --- README.md | 4 +++- exercises/106_files.zig | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++------------- patches/patches/106_files.patch | 25 ++++++++----------------- 3 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) (limited to 'exercises') diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index ab58e94..0986e0c 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ that if you update one, you may need to also update the other. ### Version Changes +* *2026-01-xx* zig 0.16.0-dev.xx - file system I/O integrated with the std.Io interface, see [#30232](https://codeberg.org/ziglang/zig/pulls/30232) + * *2025-11-01* zig 0.16.0-dev.1204 - more changes due to new I/O API, see [#25592](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/pull/25592) * *2025-09-24* zig 0.16.0-dev.377 - Enable passing file content as args, see [#25228](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/pull/25228) * *2025-09-03* zig 0.16.0-dev.164 - changes in reader, see [#25077](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/pull/25077) @@ -233,7 +235,7 @@ Zig Core Language * [x] Sentinel termination * [x] Quoted identifiers @"" * [x] Anonymous structs/tuples/lists -* [ ] Async <--- ironically awaiting upstream Zig updates +* [ ] Async I/O * [X] Interfaces * [X] Bit manipulation * [X] Working with C diff --git a/exercises/106_files.zig b/exercises/106_files.zig index b38bc72..ee8c6a9 100644 --- a/exercises/106_files.zig +++ b/exercises/106_files.zig @@ -12,23 +12,27 @@ // Fortunately, the Zig Standard Library provides a simple API for interacting // with the file system, see the detail documentation here: // -// https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/std/#std.fs +// https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/std/#std.Io // // In this exercise, we'll try to: // - create a new directory, // - open a file in the directory, // - write to the file. // -// import std as always +// Note: For simplicity, we write byte-by-byte without buffering. +// In real applications, you'd typically use a buffer for better +// performance. We'll learn about buffered I/O in a later exercise. +// const std = @import("std"); +const io = std.Options.debug_io; pub fn main() !void { // first we get the current working directory - const cwd: std.fs.Dir = std.fs.cwd(); + const cwd: std.Io.Dir = std.Io.Dir.cwd(); // then we'll try to make a new directory /output/ // to store our output files. - cwd.makeDir("output") catch |e| switch (e) { + cwd.createDir(io, "output", .default_dir) catch |e| switch (e) { // there is a chance you might want to run this // program more than once and the path might already // have been created, so we'll have to handle this error @@ -44,21 +48,24 @@ pub fn main() !void { // wait a minute... // opening a directory might fail! // what should we do here? - var output_dir: std.fs.Dir = cwd.openDir("output", .{}); - defer output_dir.close(); + var output_dir: std.Io.Dir = try cwd.openDir(io, "output", .{}); + defer output_dir.close(io); // we try to open the file `zigling.txt`, // and propagate any error up - const file: std.fs.File = try output_dir.createFile("zigling.txt", .{}); + const file: std.Io.File = try output_dir.createFile(io, "zigling.txt", .{}); // it is a good habit to close a file after you are done with it // so that other programs can read it and prevent data corruption // but here we are not yet done writing to the file // if only there were a keyword in Zig that // allowed you to "defer" code execution to the end of the scope... - file.close(); + file.close(io); + + // you are not allowed to move these lines above the file closing line! + var file_writer = file.writer(io, &.{}); + const writer = &file_writer.interface; - // you are not allowed to move these two lines above the file closing line! - const byte_written = try file.write("It's zigling time!"); + const byte_written = try writer.write("It's zigling time!"); std.debug.print("Successfully wrote {d} bytes.\n", .{byte_written}); } // to check if you actually write to the file, you can either, @@ -71,8 +78,8 @@ pub fn main() !void { // More on Creating files // // notice in: -// ... try output_dir.createFile("zigling.txt", .{}); -// ^^^ +// ... try output_dir.createFile(io, "zigling.txt", .{}); +// ^^^ // we passed this anonymous struct to the function call // // this is the struct `CreateFlag` with default fields @@ -87,7 +94,7 @@ pub fn main() !void { // // Question: // - what should you do if you want to also read the file after opening it? -// - go to the documentation of the struct `std.fs.Dir` here: +// - go to the documentation of the struct `std.Io.Dir` here: // https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/std/#std.fs.Dir // - can you find a function for opening a file? how about deleting a file? // - what kind of options can you use with those functions? diff --git a/patches/patches/106_files.patch b/patches/patches/106_files.patch index 914fe3b..8bff4d6 100644 --- a/patches/patches/106_files.patch +++ b/patches/patches/106_files.patch @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ---- exercises/106_files.zig 2025-08-24 19:23:55.168565003 +0200 -+++ answers/106_files.zig 2025-08-24 19:25:37.745597511 +0200 -@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ +--- exercises/106_files.zig 2025-12-28 20:38:53.005504479 +0100 ++++ answers/106_files.zig 2025-12-28 20:37:42.742154100 +0100 +@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ // by doing nothing // // we want to catch error.PathAlreadyExists and do nothing @@ -9,21 +9,12 @@ // if there's any other unexpected error we just propagate it through else => return e, }; -@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ - // wait a minute... - // opening a directory might fail! - // what should we do here? -- var output_dir: std.fs.Dir = cwd.openDir("output", .{}); -+ var output_dir: std.fs.Dir = try cwd.openDir("output", .{}); - defer output_dir.close(); - - // we try to open the file `zigling.txt`, -@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ +@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ // but here we are not yet done writing to the file // if only there were a keyword in Zig that // allowed you to "defer" code execution to the end of the scope... -- file.close(); -+ defer file.close(); +- file.close(io); ++ defer file.close(io); - // you are not allowed to move these two lines above the file closing line! - const byte_written = try file.write("It's zigling time!"); + // you are not allowed to move these lines above the file closing line! + var file_writer = file.writer(io, &.{}); -- cgit v1.2.3 From 3a645ac9dbe77bd0a83ca6ae3266f16628924861 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Chris Boesch Date: Sun, 28 Dec 2025 21:19:31 +0100 Subject: exc. 107 migrated --- exercises/107_files2.zig | 22 +++++++++++++++------- patches/patches/107_files2.patch | 14 +++++++------- 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) (limited to 'exercises') diff --git a/exercises/107_files2.zig b/exercises/107_files2.zig index 9b94101..a11c46a 100644 --- a/exercises/107_files2.zig +++ b/exercises/107_files2.zig @@ -15,20 +15,25 @@ // - Then, we initialize an array of characters with all letter 'A', and print it // - After that, we read the content of the file into the array // - Finally, we print out the content we just read +// +// Note: For simplicity, we read byte-by-byte without buffering. +// In real applications, you'd typically use a buffer for better +// performance. We'll learn about buffered I/O in a later exercise. const std = @import("std"); +const io = std.Options.debug_io; pub fn main() !void { // Get the current working directory - const cwd = std.fs.cwd(); + const cwd = std.Io.Dir.cwd(); // try to open ./output assuming you did your 106_files exercise - var output_dir = try cwd.openDir("output", .{}); - defer output_dir.close(); + var output_dir = try cwd.openDir(io, "output", .{}); + defer output_dir.close(io); // try to open the file - const file = try output_dir.openFile("zigling.txt", .{}); - defer file.close(); + const file = try output_dir.openFile(io, "zigling.txt", .{}); + defer file.close(io); // initialize an array of u8 with all letter 'A' // we need to pick the size of the array, 64 seems like a good number @@ -37,10 +42,13 @@ pub fn main() !void { // this should print out : `AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA` std.debug.print("{s}\n", .{content}); + var file_reader = file.reader(io, &.{}); + const reader = &file_reader.interface; + // okay, seems like a threat of violence is not the answer in this case // can you go here to find a way to read the content? - // https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/std/#std.fs.File - // hint: you might find two answers that are both valid in this case + // https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/std/#std.Io.Reader + // hint: look for a method that reads into a slice const bytes_read = zig_read_the_file_or_i_will_fight_you(&content); // Woah, too screamy. I know you're excited for zigling time but tone it down a bit. diff --git a/patches/patches/107_files2.patch b/patches/patches/107_files2.patch index 001337d..597c260 100644 --- a/patches/patches/107_files2.patch +++ b/patches/patches/107_files2.patch @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ ---- exercises/107_files2.zig 2025-08-24 19:15:17.789371332 +0200 -+++ answers/107_files2.zig 2025-08-24 19:17:58.897538288 +0200 -@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ +--- exercises/107_files2.zig 2025-12-28 21:17:29.658147954 +0100 ++++ answers/107_files2.zig 2025-12-28 21:17:10.585787203 +0100 +@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ // initialize an array of u8 with all letter 'A' // we need to pick the size of the array, 64 seems like a good number // fix the initialization below @@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ // this should print out : `AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA` std.debug.print("{s}\n", .{content}); -@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ +@@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ // can you go here to find a way to read the content? - // https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/std/#std.fs.File - // hint: you might find two answers that are both valid in this case + // https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/std/#std.Io.Reader + // hint: look for a method that reads into a slice - const bytes_read = zig_read_the_file_or_i_will_fight_you(&content); -+ const bytes_read = try file.read(&content); ++ const bytes_read = try reader.readSliceShort(&content); // Woah, too screamy. I know you're excited for zigling time but tone it down a bit. // Can you print only what we read from the file? -- cgit v1.2.3