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authorChris Boesch <chrboesch@noreply.codeberg.org>2026-04-03 13:35:56 +0200
committerChris Boesch <chrboesch@noreply.codeberg.org>2026-04-03 13:35:56 +0200
commite0259f43a726f61da14686de802021fcdb9aacd0 (patch)
tree57359102e5e898289b91ada2d65ca742ec118c8b /exercises/098_bit_manipulation2.zig
parentffde357f303e7459a12cfe4b785ae9e8ef9ebe30 (diff)
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-//
-// Another useful application for bit manipulation is setting bits as flags.
-// This is especially useful when processing lists of something and storing
-// the states of the entries, e.g. a list of numbers and for each prime
-// number a flag is set.
-//
-// As an example, let's take the Pangram exercise from Exercism:
-// https://exercism.org/tracks/zig/exercises/pangram
-//
-// A pangram is a sentence using every letter of the alphabet at least once.
-// It is case insensitive, so it doesn't matter if a letter is lower-case
-// or upper-case. The best known English pangram is:
-//
-// "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
-//
-// There are several ways to select the letters that appear in the pangram
-// (and it doesn't matter if they appear once or several times).
-//
-// For example, you could take an array of bool and set the value to 'true'
-// for each letter in the order of the alphabet (a=0; b=1; etc.) found in
-// the sentence. However, this is neither memory efficient nor particularly
-// fast. Instead we choose a simpler approach that is very similar in principle:
-// We define a variable with at least 26 bits (e.g. u32) and set the bit for
-// each letter that is found in the corresponding position.
-//
-// Zig provides functions for this in the standard library, but we prefer to
-// solve it without these extras, after all we want to learn something.
-//
-const std = @import("std");
-const ascii = std.ascii;
-const print = std.debug.print;
-
-pub fn main() !void {
- // let's check the pangram
- print("Is this a pangram? {}!\n", .{isPangram("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.")});
-}
-
-fn isPangram(str: []const u8) bool {
- // first we check if the string has at least 26 characters
- if (str.len < 26) return false;
-
- // we use a 32 bit variable of which we need 26 bits
- var bits: u32 = 0;
-
- // loop about all characters in the string
- for (str) |c| {
- // if the character is an alphabetical character
- if (ascii.isAscii(c) and ascii.isAlphabetic(c)) {
- // then we set the bit at the position
- //
- // to do this, we use a little trick:
- // since the letters in the ASCII table start at 65
- // and are numbered sequentially, we simply subtract the
- // first letter (in this case the 'a') from the character
- // found, and thus get the position of the desired bit
- bits |= @as(u32, 1) << @truncate(ascii.toLower(c) - 'a');
- }
- }
- // last we return the comparison if all 26 bits are set,
- // and if so, we know the given string is a pangram
- //
- // but what do we have to compare?
- return bits == 0x..???;
-}