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-//
-// "You have a long way to go,
-// and the path is not easy."
-// Elrond, The Hobbit or The Fellowship of the Ring
-//
-//
-// In the reworked Zig build system (configurer/maker split) a build Step no
-// longer carries a `makeFn`, and the configure phase is cached and not re-run
-// when build.zig is unchanged. So Elrond is a standalone program that owns
-// the entire Ziglings logic: it holds the exercise list, reads/writes
-// .progress.txt, and iterates through exercises itself -- compiling (via
-// `zig run`), checking output, printing progress and hints.
-// The build only ever launches this one program.
-//
-// Exit codes:
-// 0 all requested exercises passed (or skipped, or --logo)
-// 1 an exercise failed (compile error, output mismatch, runtime error)
-
-const std = @import("std");
-const builtin = @import("builtin");
-
-const Process = std.process;
-const print = std.debug.print;
-
-const progress_filename = ".progress.txt";
-
-pub const logo =
- \\ _ _ _
- \\ ___(_) __ _| (_)_ __ __ _ ___
- \\ |_ | |/ _' | | | '_ \ / _' / __|
- \\ / /| | (_| | | | | | | (_| \__ \
- \\ /___|_|\__, |_|_|_| |_|\__, |___/
- \\ |___/ |___/
- \\
- \\ "Look out! Broken programs below!"
- \\
- \\
-;
-
-// How Elrond was called.
-const Mode = enum {
- // `zig build`: iterate from after the last solved exercise to the first unsolved one (or the end).
- normal,
- // `zig build -Dn=n`: check exactly one exercise.
- named,
- // `zig build -Drandom`: check one random exercise.
- random,
- // `zig build -Ds=n`: iterate starting at exercise n.
- start,
-};
-
-const Kind = enum {
- // Run the artifact as a normal executable.
- exe,
- // Run the artifact as a test.
- @"test",
-};
-
-pub const Exercise = struct {
- // main_file must have the format key_name.zig.
- main_file: []const u8,
-
- // Desired output. A program passes if its output, excluding trailing whitespace, equals this string.
- output: []const u8,
-
- // Optional hint shown if the program does not succeed.
- hint: ?[]const u8 = null,
-
- // By default, output is verified against stderr; set to check stdout.
- check_stdout: bool = false,
-
- // This exercise uses C functions; compile with libc.
- link_libc: bool = false,
-
- // Exercise kind.
- kind: Kind = .exe,
-
- // Not supported by the current Zig compiler.
- skip: bool = false,
-
- // Why this has been skipped.
- skip_hint: ?[]const u8 = null,
-
- timestamp: bool = false,
-
- // Name of the main file with .zig stripped.
- pub fn name(self: Exercise) []const u8 {
- return std.fs.path.stem(self.main_file);
- }
-
- // Key of the main file: the string before the '_' with zero padding removed. "001_hello.zig" -> "1".
- pub fn key(self: Exercise) []const u8 {
- const end_index = std.mem.indexOfScalar(u8, self.main_file, '_') orelse unreachable;
- var start_index: usize = 0;
- while (self.main_file[start_index] == '0') start_index += 1;
- return self.main_file[start_index..end_index];
- }
-
- // Exercise key as an integer.
- pub fn number(self: Exercise) usize {
- return std.fmt.parseInt(usize, self.key(), 10) catch unreachable;
- }
-};
-
-// Ansi colors.
-var use_color_escapes = false;
-var red_text: []const u8 = "";
-var red_bold_text: []const u8 = "";
-var red_dim_text: []const u8 = "";
-var green_text: []const u8 = "";
-var yellow_text: []const u8 = "";
-var bold_text: []const u8 = "";
-var reset_text: []const u8 = "";
-
-fn setupColors(io: std.Io) void {
- use_color_escapes = false;
- const stderr = std.Io.File.stderr();
- if (stderr.supportsAnsiEscapeCodes(io)) |ok| {
- if (ok) use_color_escapes = true;
- } else |_| {}
- if (!use_color_escapes and builtin.os.tag == .windows) {
- if (stderr.enableAnsiEscapeCodes(io)) {
- use_color_escapes = true;
- } else |_| {}
- }
- if (use_color_escapes) {
- red_text = "\x1b[31m";
- red_bold_text = "\x1b[31;1m";
- red_dim_text = "\x1b[31;2m";
- green_text = "\x1b[32m";
- yellow_text = "\x1b[33m";
- bold_text = "\x1b[1m";
- reset_text = "\x1b[0m";
- }
-}
-
-pub fn main(init: std.process.Init) !void {
- const io = init.io;
- const arena = init.arena.allocator();
-
- const args = try init.minimal.args.toSlice(arena);
-
- setupColors(io);
-
- if (!validateExercises()) std.process.exit(1);
-
- var zig_exe: []const u8 = "zig";
- var work_path: []const u8 = "exercises";
- var mode: Mode = .normal;
- var only_n: ?usize = null;
- var start_n: ?usize = null;
-
- for (1..args.len) |n| {
- const arg = args[n];
- if (std.mem.eql(u8, arg, "--logo")) {
- print("{s}{s}{s}", .{ yellow_text, logo, reset_text });
- return;
- } else if (prefix(arg, "--zig=")) |v| {
- zig_exe = v;
- } else if (prefix(arg, "--work-path=")) |v| {
- work_path = v;
- } else if (prefix(arg, "--only=")) |v| {
- only_n = std.fmt.parseInt(usize, v, 10) catch {
- print("invalid --only value: {s}\n", .{v});
- std.process.exit(1);
- };
- mode = .named;
- } else if (prefix(arg, "--start=")) |v| {
- start_n = std.fmt.parseInt(usize, v, 10) catch {
- print("invalid --start value: {s}\n", .{v});
- std.process.exit(1);
- };
- mode = .start;
- } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, arg, "--random")) {
- mode = .random;
- } else {
- print("unknown argument: {s}\n", .{arg});
- std.process.exit(2);
- }
- }
-
- print("{s}", .{logo});
-
- const ctx: Context = .{ .io = io, .arena = arena, .zig_exe = zig_exe, .work_path = work_path };
-
- switch (mode) {
- .named => {
- const n = only_n.?;
- if (n == 0 or n > exercises.len - 1) {
- print("unknown exercise number: {}\n", .{n});
- std.process.exit(1);
- }
- runOne(ctx, exercises[n - 1], .named) catch std.process.exit(1);
- },
- .random => {
- var prng = std.Random.DefaultPrng.init(blk: {
- var seed: u64 = undefined;
- io.random(std.mem.asBytes(&seed));
- break :blk seed;
- });
- const num = prng.random().intRangeLessThan(usize, 0, exercises.len);
- print("random exercise: {s}\n", .{exercises[num].main_file});
- runOne(ctx, exercises[num], .random) catch std.process.exit(1);
- },
- .start => {
- const s = start_n.?;
- if (s == 0 or s > exercises.len - 1) {
- print("unknown exercise number: {}\n", .{s});
- std.process.exit(1);
- }
- // Iterate from exercise s to the end (or first failure).
- iterateFrom(ctx, s - 1) catch std.process.exit(1);
- },
- .normal => {
- // Start after the last solved exercise recorded in .progress.txt.
- const solved = readProgress(io, arena);
- var start_index: usize = 0;
- for (exercises, 0..) |ex, idx| {
- if (solved < ex.number()) {
- start_index = idx;
- break;
- }
- } else {
- // All solved.
- print("{s}All exercises completed!{s}\n", .{ green_text, reset_text });
- return;
- }
- iterateFrom(ctx, start_index) catch std.process.exit(1);
- },
- }
-}
-
-fn prefix(arg: []const u8, pre: []const u8) ?[]const u8 {
- if (std.mem.startsWith(u8, arg, pre)) return arg[pre.len..];
- return null;
-}
-
-// Shared, read-only run context threaded through the helpers.
-const Context = struct {
- io: std.Io,
- arena: std.mem.Allocator,
- zig_exe: []const u8,
- work_path: []const u8,
-};
-
-const Error = error{Failed};
-
-// Iterates exercises from `start_index` to the end, stopping at the first failure.
-// Progress is written after each passed exercise.
-fn iterateFrom(ctx: Context, start_index: usize) Error!void {
- for (exercises[start_index..]) |ex| {
- try runOne(ctx, ex, .normal);
- }
-}
-
-// Checks a single exercise: progress bar, compile+run (or test), output
-// verification, progress file update on success, hint on failure.
-fn runOne(ctx: Context, ex: Exercise, mode: Mode) Error!void {
- if (ex.skip) {
- print("Skipping {s}", .{ex.main_file});
- if (ex.skip_hint) |hint|
- print("\n{s}Reason: {s}{s}\n", .{ bold_text, hint, reset_text });
- print("\n\n", .{});
- return;
- }
-
- printProgress(ex.number(), exercises.len - 1);
-
- switch (ex.kind) {
- .exe => runExe(ctx, ex) catch {
- hintAndHelp(ex, mode);
- return Error.Failed;
- },
- .@"test" => runTest(ctx, ex) catch {
- hintAndHelp(ex, mode);
- return Error.Failed;
- },
- }
-
- writeProgress(ctx.io, ctx.arena, ex.number()) catch {};
-}
-
-fn hintAndHelp(ex: Exercise, mode: Mode) void {
- if (ex.hint) |hint|
- print("\n{s}{s}Ziglings hint: {s}{s}", .{ bold_text, green_text, hint, reset_text });
- help(ex, mode);
-}
-
-fn printProgress(num: usize, max: usize) void {
- const bar_width = 60;
- const safe_max = if (max == 0) 1 else max;
- const filled_len_u64 = (@as(u64, num) * bar_width) / safe_max;
- const filled_len = @as(u32, @intCast(filled_len_u64));
-
- var bar_buf: [bar_width]u8 = undefined;
- for (0..bar_width) |n| {
- const ord = std.math.order(n, filled_len);
- bar_buf[n] = switch (ord) {
- .lt => '#',
- .eq => '>',
- .gt => '-',
- };
- }
- print("\rProgress: [{s}] {d}/{d}\n\n", .{ &bar_buf, num, max });
-}
-
-fn runExe(ctx: Context, ex: Exercise) !void {
- const io = ctx.io;
- const arena = ctx.arena;
- print("Compiling {s}...\n", .{ex.main_file});
-
- const path = std.fs.path.join(arena, &.{ ctx.work_path, ex.main_file }) catch @panic("OOM");
-
- var argv = std.ArrayList([]const u8).initCapacity(arena, 8) catch @panic("OOM");
- argv.append(arena, ctx.zig_exe) catch @panic("OOM");
- argv.append(arena, "run") catch @panic("OOM");
- if (ex.link_libc) {
- argv.append(arena, "-lc") catch @panic("OOM");
- argv.append(arena, "-fllvm") catch @panic("OOM");
- }
- argv.append(arena, path) catch @panic("OOM");
-
- // `zig run` compiles and runs in one step using Zig's own cache.
- const result = Process.run(arena, io, .{
- .argv = argv.items,
- .stdout_limit = .limited(1024 * 1024),
- .stderr_limit = .limited(1024 * 1024),
- }) catch |err| {
- print("{s}error:{s} unable to run {s}: {s}\n", .{
- red_bold_text, reset_text, ex.main_file, @errorName(err),
- });
- return err;
- };
-
- resetLine();
- print("Checking {s}...\n", .{ex.main_file});
-
- return checkOutput(io, arena, ex, result);
-}
-
-fn runTest(ctx: Context, ex: Exercise) !void {
- const io = ctx.io;
- const arena = ctx.arena;
- print("Compiling {s}...\n", .{ex.main_file});
-
- const path = std.fs.path.join(arena, &.{ ctx.work_path, ex.main_file }) catch
- @panic("OOM");
-
- var argv = std.ArrayList([]const u8).initCapacity(arena, 8) catch @panic("OOM");
- argv.append(arena, ctx.zig_exe) catch @panic("OOM");
- argv.append(arena, "test") catch @panic("OOM");
- if (ex.link_libc) {
- argv.append(arena, "-lc") catch @panic("OOM");
- argv.append(arena, "-fllvm") catch @panic("OOM");
- }
- argv.append(arena, path) catch @panic("OOM");
-
- const result = Process.run(arena, io, .{
- .argv = argv.items,
- .stdout_limit = .limited(1024 * 1024),
- .stderr_limit = .limited(1024 * 1024),
- }) catch |err| {
- print("{s}error:{s} unable to run test {s}: {s}\n", .{
- red_bold_text, reset_text, ex.main_file, @errorName(err),
- });
- return err;
- };
-
- resetLine();
- print("Checking {s}...\n", .{ex.main_file});
-
- return checkTest(ex, result);
-}
-
-fn checkOutput(io: std.Io, arena: std.mem.Allocator, ex: Exercise, result: Process.RunResult) !void {
- switch (result.term) {
- .exited => |code| if (code != 0) {
- // `zig run` puts both compile errors and runtime panics on stderr;
- // show them so the "read the compiler messages above" hint applies.
- const diag = std.mem.trimEnd(u8, result.stderr, " \r\n");
- if (diag.len > 0) print("{s}\n", .{diag});
- return Error.Failed;
- },
- else => {
- print("{s}{s} terminated unexpectedly{s}\n", .{
- red_bold_text, ex.main_file, reset_text,
- });
- return Error.Failed;
- },
- }
-
- const raw_output = if (ex.check_stdout) result.stdout else result.stderr;
- const output = trimLines(arena, raw_output) catch @panic("OOM");
-
- var exercise_output = ex.output;
- if (ex.timestamp) {
- var ts_buf: [20]u8 = undefined;
- const ts_slice = output[14..24];
- const ts_value = try std.fmt.parseInt(i64, ts_slice, 10);
- const ts_build = std.Io.Timestamp.now(io, .real).toSeconds();
- const ts_diff = @abs(ts_build - ts_value);
- const timestamp = std.fmt.bufPrint(
- &ts_buf,
- "{}",
- .{if (ts_diff < 5) ts_value else ts_build},
- ) catch unreachable;
-
- var buf: [100]u8 = undefined;
- const prefix_len = 14;
- const placeholder_len = 11;
- @memcpy(buf[0..prefix_len], exercise_output[0..prefix_len]);
- @memcpy(buf[prefix_len..][0..timestamp.len], timestamp);
- const suffix = exercise_output[prefix_len + placeholder_len ..];
- const suffix_dest_start = prefix_len + timestamp.len;
- @memcpy(buf[suffix_dest_start..][0..suffix.len], suffix);
- const total_len = prefix_len + timestamp.len + suffix.len;
- exercise_output = buf[0..total_len];
- }
-
- if (!std.mem.eql(u8, output, exercise_output)) {
- const red = red_bold_text;
- const reset = reset_text;
- print(
- \\
- \\{s}========= expected this output: =========={s}
- \\{s}
- \\{s}========= but found: ====================={s}
- \\{s}
- \\{s}=========================================={s}
- ++ "\n", .{ red, reset, exercise_output, red, reset, output, red, reset });
- return Error.Failed;
- }
-
- print("{s}PASSED:\n{s}{s}\n\n", .{ green_text, output, reset_text });
-}
-
-fn checkTest(ex: Exercise, result: Process.RunResult) !void {
- switch (result.term) {
- .exited => |code| if (code != 0) {
- const stderr = std.mem.trimEnd(u8, result.stderr, " \r\n");
- print("\n{s}\n", .{stderr});
- return Error.Failed;
- },
- else => {
- print("{s}{s} terminated unexpectedly{s}\n", .{
- red_bold_text, ex.main_file, reset_text,
- });
- return Error.Failed;
- },
- }
- print("{s}PASSED{s}\n\n", .{ green_text, reset_text });
-}
-
-fn help(ex: Exercise, mode: Mode) void {
- const cmd = switch (mode) {
- .normal, .start => "zig build",
- .named => "zig build -Dn=...",
- .random => "zig build -Drandom",
- };
- print("\n{s}Edit exercises/{s} and run '{s}' again.{s}\n", .{
- red_bold_text, ex.main_file, cmd, reset_text,
- });
-}
-
-fn resetLine() void {
- if (use_color_escapes) print("{s}", .{"\x1b[2K\r"});
-}
-
-// Removes trailing whitespace per line and any trailing LF at the end.
-fn trimLines(arena: std.mem.Allocator, buf: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
- var list = try std.ArrayList(u8).initCapacity(arena, buf.len);
-
- var iter = std.mem.splitSequence(u8, buf, " \n");
- while (iter.next()) |line| {
- const data = std.mem.trimEnd(u8, line, " \r");
- try list.appendSlice(arena, data);
- try list.append(arena, '\n');
- }
- const result = try list.toOwnedSlice(arena);
- return std.mem.trimEnd(u8, result, "\n");
-}
-
-// Reads the last solved exercise number from .progress.txt; 0 if absent.
-fn readProgress(io: std.Io, arena: std.mem.Allocator) u32 {
- const file = std.Io.Dir.cwd().openFile(io, progress_filename, .{}) catch return 0;
- defer file.close(io);
-
- const size = file.length(io) catch return 0;
- if (size == 0) return 0;
- const contents = arena.alloc(u8, size) catch return 0;
- var file_buffer: [1024]u8 = undefined;
- var reader = file.reader(io, &file_buffer);
- const n = reader.interface.readSliceShort(contents) catch return 0;
- const trimmed = std.mem.trim(u8, contents[0..n], " \r\n");
- return std.fmt.parseInt(u32, trimmed, 10) catch 0;
-}
-
-fn writeProgress(io: std.Io, arena: std.mem.Allocator, number: usize) !void {
- const progress = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{d}", .{number});
- const file = try std.Io.Dir.cwd().createFile(
- io,
- progress_filename,
- .{ .read = true, .truncate = true },
- );
- defer file.close(io);
- try file.writeStreamingAll(io, progress);
- try file.sync(io);
-}
-
-// Checks that each exercise number (except the last) forms the sequence
-// [1, exercises.len), and that output lines have no trailing whitespace.
-fn validateExercises() bool {
- var i: usize = 0;
- for (exercises[0..]) |ex| {
- const exno = ex.number();
- const last = 999;
- i += 1;
-
- if (exno != i and exno != last) {
- print("exercise {s} has an incorrect number: expected {}, got {s}\n", .{
- ex.main_file, i, ex.key(),
- });
- return false;
- }
-
- var iter = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, ex.output, '\n');
- while (iter.next()) |line| {
- const out = std.mem.trimEnd(u8, line, " \r");
- if (out.len != line.len) {
- print("exercise {s} output field lines have trailing whitespace\n", .{
- ex.main_file,
- });
- return false;
- }
- }
-
- if (!std.mem.endsWith(u8, ex.main_file, ".zig")) {
- print("exercise {s} is not a zig source file\n", .{ex.main_file});
- return false;
- }
- }
- return true;
-}
-
-const exercises = [_]Exercise{
- .{
- .main_file = "001_hello.zig",
- .output = "Hello world!",
- .hint =
- \\DON'T PANIC!
- \\Read the compiler messages above. (Something about 'main'?)
- \\Open up the source file as noted below and read the comments.
- \\
- \\(Hints like these will occasionally show up, but for the
- \\most part, you'll be taking directions from the Zig
- \\compiler itself.)
- \\
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "002_std.zig",
- .output = "Standard Library.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "003_assignment.zig",
- .output = "55 314159 -11",
- .hint = "There are three mistakes in this one!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "004_arrays.zig",
- .output = "First: 2, Fourth: 7, Length: 8",
- .hint = "There are two things to complete here.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "005_arrays2.zig",
- .output = "LEET: 1337, Bits: 100110011001",
- .hint = "Fill in the two arrays.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "006_strings.zig",
- .output = "d=d Major Tom",
- .hint = "Each '???' needs something filled in.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "007_strings2.zig",
- .output =
- \\Ziggy played guitar
- \\Jamming good with Andrew Kelley
- \\And the Spiders from Mars
- , // pay attention to the comma
- .hint = "Please fix the lyrics!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "008_quiz.zig",
- .output = "Program in Zig!",
- .hint = "See if you can fix the program!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "009_if.zig",
- .output = "Foo is 42!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "010_if2.zig",
- .output = "With the discount, the price is $17.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "011_while.zig",
- .output = "2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 n=1024",
- .hint = "You probably want a 'less than' condition.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "012_while2.zig",
- .output = "2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 n=1024",
- .hint = "It might help to look back at the previous exercise.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "013_while3.zig",
- .output = "1 2 4 7 8 11 13 14 16 17 19",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "014_while4.zig",
- .output = "n=4",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "015_for.zig",
- .output = "A Dramatic Story: :-) :-) :-( :-| :-) The End.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "016_for2.zig",
- .output = "The value of bits '1101': 13.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "017_quiz2.zig",
- .output = "1, 2, Fizz, 4, Buzz, Fizz, 7, 8, Fizz, Buzz, 11, Fizz, 13, 14, FizzBuzz, 16,",
- .hint = "This is a famous game!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "018_functions.zig",
- .output = "Answer to the Ultimate Question: 42",
- .hint = "Can you help write the function?",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "019_functions2.zig",
- .output = "Powers of two: 2 4 8 16",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "020_quiz3.zig",
- .output = "32 64 128 256",
- .hint = "Unexpected pop quiz! Help!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "021_errors.zig",
- .output = "2<4. 3<4. 4=4. 5>4. 6>4.",
- .hint = "What's the deal with fours?",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "022_errors2.zig",
- .output = "I compiled!",
- .hint = "Get the error union type right to allow this to compile.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "023_errors3.zig",
- .output = "a=64, b=22",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "024_errors4.zig",
- .output = "a=20, b=14, c=10",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "025_errors5.zig",
- .output = "a=0, b=19, c=0",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "026_hello2.zig",
- .output = "Hello world!",
- .hint = "Try using a try!",
- .check_stdout = true,
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "027_defer.zig",
- .output = "One Two",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "028_defer2.zig",
- .output =
- \\(Goat) (Cat) (Dog) (Dog) (Goat) (Unknown) done.
- \\Answer to everything? 42
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "029_errdefer.zig",
- .output = "Getting number...got 5. Getting number...failed!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "030_switch.zig",
- .output = "ZIG?",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "031_switch2.zig",
- .output = "ZIG!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "032_unreachable.zig",
- .output = "1 2 3 9 8 7",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "033_iferror.zig",
- .output = "2<4. 3<4. 4=4. 5>4. 6>4.",
- .hint = "Seriously, what's the deal with fours?",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "034_quiz4.zig",
- .output = "my_num=42",
- .hint = "Can you make this work?",
- .check_stdout = true,
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "035_enums.zig",
- .output = "1 2 3 9 8 7",
- .hint = "This problem seems familiar...",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "036_enums2.zig",
- .output =
- \\<p>
- \\ <span style="color: #ff0000">Red</span>
- \\ <span style="color: #00ff00">Green</span>
- \\ <span style="color: #0000ff">Blue</span>
- \\</p>
- , // pay attention to the comma
- .hint = "I'm feeling blue about this.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "037_structs.zig",
- .output = "Your wizard has 90 health and 25 gold.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "038_structs2.zig",
- .output =
- \\Character 1 - G:20 H:100 XP:10
- \\Character 2 - G:10 H:100 XP:20
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "039_pointers.zig",
- .output = "num1: 5, num2: 5",
- .hint = "Pointers aren't so bad.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "040_pointers2.zig",
- .output = "a: 12, b: 12",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "041_pointers3.zig",
- .output = "foo=6, bar=11",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "042_pointers4.zig",
- .output = "num: 5, more_nums: 1 1 5 1",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "043_pointers5.zig",
- .output =
- \\Wizard (G:10 H:100 XP:20)
- \\ Mentor: Wizard (G:10000 H:100 XP:2340)
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "044_quiz5.zig",
- .output = "Elephant A. Elephant B. Elephant C.",
- .hint = "Oh no! We forgot Elephant B!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "045_optionals.zig",
- .output = "The Ultimate Answer: 42.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "046_optionals2.zig",
- .output = "Elephant A. Elephant B. Elephant C.",
- .hint = "Elephants again!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "047_methods.zig",
- .output = "5 aliens. 4 aliens. 1 aliens. 0 aliens. Earth is saved!",
- .hint = "Use the heat ray. And the method!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "048_methods2.zig",
- .output = "A B C",
- .hint = "This just needs one little fix.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "049_quiz6.zig",
- .output = "A B C Cv Bv Av",
- .hint = "Now you're writing Zig!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "050_no_value.zig",
- .output = "That is not dead which can eternal lie / And with strange aeons even death may die.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "051_values.zig",
- .output = "1:false!. 2:true!. 3:true!. XP before:0, after:200.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "052_slices.zig",
- .output =
- \\Hand1: A 4 K 8
- \\Hand2: 5 2 Q J
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "053_slices2.zig",
- .output = "'all your base are belong to us.' 'for great justice.'",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "054_manypointers.zig",
- .output = "Memory is a resource.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "055_unions.zig",
- .output = "Insect report! Ant alive is: true. Bee visited 15 flowers.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "056_unions2.zig",
- .output = "Insect report! Ant alive is: true. Bee visited 16 flowers.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "057_unions3.zig",
- .output = "Insect report! Ant alive is: true. Bee visited 17 flowers.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "058_quiz7.zig",
- .output = "Archer's Point--2->Bridge--1->Dogwood Grove--3->Cottage--2->East Pond--1->Fox Pond",
- .hint = "This is the biggest program we've seen yet. But you can do it!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "059_integers.zig",
- .output = "Zig is cool.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "060_floats.zig",
- .output = "Shuttle liftoff weight: 2.032e3 metric tons",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "061_coercions.zig",
- .output = "Letter: A",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "062_loop_expressions.zig",
- .output = "Current language: Zig",
- .hint = "Surely the current language is 'Zig'!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "063_labels.zig",
- .output = "Enjoy your Cheesy Chili!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "064_builtins.zig",
- .output = "1101 + 0101 = 0010 (true). Without overflow: 00010010. Furthermore, 11110000 backwards is 00001111.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "065_builtins2.zig",
- .output = "A Narcissus loves all Narcissuses. He has room in his heart for: me myself.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "066_comptime.zig",
- .output = "Immutable: 12345, 987.654; Mutable: 54321, 456.789; Types: comptime_int, comptime_float, u32, f32",
- .hint = "It may help to read this one out loud to your favorite stuffed animal until it sinks in completely.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "067_comptime2.zig",
- .output = "A BB CCC DDDD",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "068_comptime3.zig",
- .output =
- \\Minnow (1:32, 4 x 2)
- \\Shark (1:16, 8 x 5)
- \\Whale (1:1, 143 x 95)
- ,
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "069_comptime4.zig",
- .output = "s1={ 1, 2, 3 }, s2={ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }, s3={ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "070_comptime5.zig",
- .output =
- \\"Quack." ducky1: true, "Squeek!" ducky2: true, ducky3: false
- ,
- .hint = "Have you kept the wizard hat on?",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "071_comptime6.zig",
- .output = "Narcissus has room in his heart for: me myself.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "072_comptime7.zig",
- .output = "26",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "073_comptime8.zig",
- .output = "My llama value is 25.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "074_comptime9.zig",
- .output = "MouseLlama joins the crew!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "075_quiz8.zig",
- .output = "Archer's Point--2->Bridge--1->Dogwood Grove--3->Cottage--2->East Pond--1->Fox Pond",
- .hint = "Roll up those sleeves. You get to WRITE some code for this one.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "076_sentinels.zig",
- .output = "Array:123056. Many-item pointer:123.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "077_sentinels2.zig",
- .output = "Weird Data!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "078_sentinels3.zig",
- .output = "Weird Data!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "079_quoted_identifiers.zig",
- .output = "Sweet freedom: 55, false.",
- .hint = "Help us, Zig Programmer, you're our only hope!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "080_anonymous_structs.zig",
- .output = "[Circle(i32): 25,70,15] [Circle(f32): 25.2,71.0,15.7]",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "081_anonymous_structs2.zig",
- .output = "x:205 y:187 radius:12",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "082_anonymous_structs3.zig",
- .output =
- \\"0"(bool):true "1"(bool):false "2"(i32):42 "3"(f32):3.141592
- , // pay attention to the comma
- .hint = "This one is a challenge! But you have everything you need.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "083_anonymous_lists.zig",
- .output = "I say hello!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "084_interfaces.zig",
- .output =
- \\=== Doctor Zoraptera's Insect Report ===
- \\Ant is alive.
- \\Bee visited 17 flowers.
- \\Grasshopper hopped 32 meters.
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "085_async.zig",
- .output = "Current time: <timestamp>s since epoch",
- .timestamp = true,
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "086_async2.zig",
- .output = "Computing... The answer is: 42",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "087_async3.zig",
- .output =
- \\1 + 2 = 3
- \\6 * 7 = 42
- \\Total: 45
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "088_async4.zig",
- .output =
- \\Task 1 done.
- \\Task 2 done.
- \\Task 3 done.
- \\All tasks finished!
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "089_async5.zig",
- .output =
- \\Starting long computation...
- \\Canceling slow task...
- \\Task was canceled, cleaning up.
- \\Task returned: 0
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "090_async6.zig",
- .output = "Hare: I'm fast!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "091_async7.zig",
- .output = "Counter: 400",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "092_async8.zig",
- .output = "Sum of 1..10 = 55",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "093_async9.zig",
- .output = "Worker 1 found signal start over threshold at index 12!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "094_async10.zig",
- .output =
- \\Starting critical section...
- \\Critical section completed safely.
- \\Task result: All data saved.
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "095_quiz_async.zig",
- .output =
- \\=== Doctor Zoraptera's Garden Report ===
- \\Temperature : 23C
- \\Humidity : 63%
- \\Wind : 13 km/h
- \\Readings : 9
- \\Bee-friendly conditions! Expect high pollination.
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "096_hello_c.zig",
- .output = "Hello C from Zig! - C result is 17 chars written.",
- .link_libc = true,
- .skip = true,
- .skip_hint = "Skipped until we have found a solution for the removed '@cImport'",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "097_c_math.zig",
- .output = "The normalized angle of 765.2 degrees is 45.2 degrees.",
- .link_libc = true,
- .skip = true,
- .skip_hint = "Skipped until we have found a solution for the removed '@cImport'",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "098_for3.zig",
- .output = "1 2 4 7 8 11 13 14 16 17 19\n1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "099_memory_allocation.zig",
- .output = "Running Average: 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.18 0.22",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "100_bit_manipulation.zig",
- .output = "x = 1011; y = 1101",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "101_bit_manipulation2.zig",
- .output = "Is this a pangram? true!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "102_formatting.zig",
- .output =
- \\
- \\ X | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- \\---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
- \\ 1 | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- \\
- \\ 2 | 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
- \\
- \\ 3 | 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45
- \\
- \\ 4 | 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60
- \\
- \\ 5 | 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
- \\
- \\ 6 | 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90
- \\
- \\ 7 | 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98 105
- \\
- \\ 8 | 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120
- \\
- \\ 9 | 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108 117 126 135
- \\
- \\10 | 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
- \\
- \\11 | 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132 143 154 165
- \\
- \\12 | 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 168 180
- \\
- \\13 | 13 26 39 52 65 78 91 104 117 130 143 156 169 182 195
- \\
- \\14 | 14 28 42 56 70 84 98 112 126 140 154 168 182 196 210
- \\
- \\15 | 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225
- ,
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "103_for4.zig",
- .output = "Arrays match!",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "104_for5.zig",
- .output =
- \\1. Wizard (Gold: 25, XP: 40)
- \\2. Bard (Gold: 11, XP: 17)
- \\3. Bard (Gold: 5, XP: 55)
- \\4. Warrior (Gold: 7392, XP: 21)
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "105_testing.zig",
- .output = "",
- .kind = .@"test",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "106_tokenization.zig",
- .output =
- \\My
- \\name
- \\is
- \\Ozymandias
- \\King
- \\of
- \\Kings
- \\Look
- \\on
- \\my
- \\Works
- \\ye
- \\Mighty
- \\and
- \\despair
- \\This little poem has 15 words!
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "107_threading.zig",
- .output =
- \\Starting work...
- \\thread 1: started.
- \\thread 2: started.
- \\thread 3: started.
- \\Some weird stuff, after starting the threads.
- \\thread 2: finished.
- \\thread 1: finished.
- \\thread 3: finished.
- \\Zig is cool!
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "108_threading2.zig",
- .output = "PI ≈ 3.14159265",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "109_files.zig",
- .output = "Successfully wrote 18 bytes.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "110_files2.zig",
- .output =
- \\AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
- \\Successfully Read 18 bytes: It's zigling time!
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "111_labeled_switch.zig",
- .output = "The pull request has been merged.",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "112_vectors.zig",
- .output =
- \\Max difference (old fn): 0.014
- \\Max difference (new fn): 0.014
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
- .{ .main_file = "113_quiz9.zig", .output =
- \\Toggle pins with XOR on PORTB
- \\-----------------------------
- \\ 1100 // (initial state of PORTB)
- \\^ 0101 // (bitmask)
- \\= 1001
- \\
- \\ 1100 // (initial state of PORTB)
- \\^ 0011 // (bitmask)
- \\= 1111
- \\
- \\Set pins with OR on PORTB
- \\-------------------------
- \\ 1001 // (initial state of PORTB)
- \\| 0100 // (bitmask)
- \\= 1101
- \\
- \\ 1001 // (reset state)
- \\| 0100 // (bitmask)
- \\= 1101
- \\
- \\Clear pins with AND and NOT on PORTB
- \\------------------------------------
- \\ 1110 // (initial state of PORTB)
- \\& 1011 // (bitmask)
- \\= 1010
- \\
- \\ 0111 // (reset state)
- \\& 1110 // (bitmask)
- \\= 0110
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "114_packed.zig",
- .output = "",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "115_packed2.zig",
- .output = "",
- },
- .{
- .main_file = "999_the_end.zig",
- .output =
- \\
- \\This is the end for now!
- \\We hope you had fun and were able to learn a lot, so visit us again when the next exercises are available.
- , // pay attention to the comma
- },
-};
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.51.0) at 2026-06-30 13:05:35 +0000